This page provides an overview of the way fonts are supported in PDF files. It covers the basics about the supported font types, encodings and the ways of enclosing fonts in a PDF, by either embedding or subsetting them. How and why to outline fonts is discussed. Some general recommendations about font handling can be found at the bottom of this page.
PDF font basics
The PDF file format supports the use of the following font formats:
- Composite fonts (Type 0): both Type 1 (CIDFontType0) and TrueType (CIDFontType2) are supported.
- OpenType: From PDF 1.6 onwards, OpenType fonts can be stored directly in a PDF file. Within an OpenType font the character shapes or glyphs can be encoding using either TrueType or Type 1. That means PDF production tools can embed an OpenType font by taking it apart, copying either the TrueType or the CFF (Type 1) glyphs and embedding those in the PDF in their original/old style format. This was common practice with applications like Acrobat or InDesign before PDF 1.6 was released. Some tools still do this today because it leads to a smaller PDF file if none of the extra features in OpenType are required.
By preference any fonts that are used in a layout are also included in the PDF file itself. This makes sure that the file can be viewed and printed as it was created by the designer. There are two mechanisms to include fonts in a PDF:
- Embedding – A full copy of the entire character set of a font is stored in the PDF.
- Subsetting – Only those characters that are actually used in the layout are stored in the PDF. If the “$” character doesn’t appear anywhere in the text, that character is not included in the font. This means that PDF files with subsetted fonts are smaller than PDF files with embedded fonts. For subsetted fonts, the font name is preceded by 6 random characters and a plus sign.
Keep in mind that font foundries can forbid font embedding for certain typefaces through their end user license agreement. In TrueType and OpenType fonts, they can add this restriction in the font data. Applications that properly honor the licensing policy of such a font will not embed it in a PDF. Only a few type foundries actually release fonts with such severe restrictions, but they do exist.
If certain fonts are missing from the PDF file, Adobe Acrobat, and Adobe Reader will automatically try to emulate the missing font by using one of the Multiple Master fonts that are built into these programs. This way, the document will not be represented exactly as the designer wanted it to, but at least the text won’t reflow. The Multiple Master fonts that are used for this are:
- Adobe Serif MM
- Adobe Sans MM
Another important aspect of font handling is the encoding. This refers to the mapping of a character code to a particular glyph (character shape) description. Each font in a PDF uses a specific type of encoding, either a standard or a custom one. The following types of encoding are supported by the PDF file format:
- StandardEncoding
- WinAnsiEncoding
- MacRomanEncoding
- MacExpertEncoding
- A custom encoding can be used by defining a ‘Differences Array’.
Which fonts are used in a PDF?
There are several ways in which you can get a list of all of the fonts that are used within a PDF file using Adobe Acrobat or Adobe Reader.
- Adobe Acrobat and Adobe Reader have a Fonts tab in the Document Properties window (File > Properties). Earlier versions would only show the fonts from the active page. I do not know if this is still true for newer releases.
- The preflight engine in recent versions of Adobe Acrobat Professional is capable of providing a more detailed list of all of the fonts that are used in a PDF.
- To get an extensive overview of all the fonts used in a document, select Create Inventory in the Options drop-down list of the Acrobat 9 Professional Preflight tool. The Font inventory does not only list all of the fonts but even all the glyphs that are used within the PDF. Below is an example of the level of detail.
An example of one of the entries in the Acrobat 9 font inventory
Obviously there are other tools that can provide an overview of all fonts, such as for instance the Enfocus PitStop plug-in.
How to embed fonts
Some applications such as Adobe InDesign automatically embed all fonts when pages are exported to PDF.
Acrobat Distiller offers an option to automatically add missing fonts to PostScript files it has to process. In the font locations menu, the user can define several folders that have to be searched for fonts that are missing in the PostScript file. Distiller only needs the printer fonts, it does not need the screen fonts.
Fonts that are not necessarily included in PDF files
Older versions of Adobe Acrobat (Acrobat 3.x and earlier) will never embed the following 14 fonts in a PDF file:
- Courier, Courier-Bold, Courier-Oblique & Courier-BoldOblique
- Times-Roman , Times-Bold , Times-Italic & Times-BoldItalic
- Helvetica, Helvetica-Bold, Helvetica-Oblique & Helvetica-BoldOblique
- Symbol
- ZapfDingbats.
These fonts, excluding ZapfDingbats, are called the Base 13 fonts.
From Acrobat 4.x onwards, there is no problem embedding the above 14 fonts. In fact it is a good idea to actually always embed these fonts as well. Instead, we got another restriction: if the licensing policy of a TrueType forbids the font to be included in a file, Distiller 4 and later will respect this restriction and will not embed the font.
How to subset fonts
It is possible to only include those characters of a font that are actually used in the publication. This technique is called ‘font subsetting’.
Usually you can specify that font subsetting needs to be used as soon as a certain percentage of the character set of a font is used. Below is the option that is shown in Adobe InDesign CS4. A similar ‘Subset fonts below XX %’ parameter is available in Acrobat Distiller.
There are 2 advantages to subsetting fonts:
- It reduces the size of a PDF file and can be handy if the file size is really crucial, for instance for PDF files that will be downloaded from the web.
- RIPs will always use a subsetted font, even if the full font is already available on the RIP. This way text reflows caused by differences between fonts can be avoided.
There are two disadvantages to subsetting fonts:
- If you want to edit text in certain PDF editing tools and the character you need is not included in the subset, it cannot be used for the correction. Acrobat itself does not suffer from this. It only uses the system fonts for editing.
- Merging two files that contain a different subset of the same font can lead to missing or swapped characters. Older PDF applications can suffer from this. Most of these bugs have been fixed in more recent versions.
How to outline fonts
Sometimes it can be practical to convert all fonts within a PDF to outlines. This way the text in the PDF is ‘locked down’ and will not be output differently by a RIP because of some weird font behavior. You should be aware that outlining fonts affects the quality of the type: at smaller type sizes the output quality will be slightly inferior (because font hinting is gone) and small type may also fatten up a little.
There is an option to outline all text in the Advanced > Print Production > Flattener Preview option in Acrobat 8 Professional. This will only outline text on pages that have transparency in them so the trick is to add a transparent object to each page (either using a watermark or using PitStop Professional). You can find a discussion and sample screen shots about this trick in this thread.
How to extract fonts from a PDF
You actually cannot extract a font from a PDF, not even if the font is fully embedded. There are two reasons why this is not feasible:
- Most fonts are copyrighted, making it illegal to use an extractor.
- When a font is embedded in a PDF, not all of the font data are included. Obviously the font outline data are included as well as the font width tables. Other information, such as data about ligatures, are irrelevant within the PDF so those data do not get enclosed in a PDF.
I am not aware of any font extraction tools but if you come across one, the above reasons should make it clear that these utilities are to be avoided.
General recommendations
In order to minimize surprises with fonts in PDF, try following these guidelines:
- Always set Distiller to error out when a font is missing.
- Always embed all fonts.
- Always embed complete fonts, do not subset fonts. This avoids rare problems when for example putting several pages using the same font in different subsets onto the same plate.
- Always turn off ‘Use local fonts in Acrobat’ on every machine in your shop.
- Always do a preflight for occurrences of Courier in PDF files you process or send away or receive (in case a font has been substituted)
- Try to avoid using the TouchUp text edit tool in Acrobat.
- Remove all fonts from your RIP (except Courier, Helvetica or any other font that your RIP may absolutely require to operate correctly).
- Use only Adobe PostScript 3 or Harlequin based RIPs or output devices. There are some RIPs/output devices around that have problems handling certain font stuff (e.g. CID fonts as in PDFs produced by InDesign).
Alban Maria Johannes Berg (/ˈɑːlbɑːnˈbɛərɡ/;[1]German: [ˈbɛɐ̯k]; February 9, 1885 – December 24, 1935) was an Austriancomposer of the Second Viennese School. His compositional style combined Romantic lyricism with twelve-tone technique.[2]
- 1Biography
- 5Bibliography
- 5.1Analytical writings
Biography[edit]
Early life[edit]
Berg was born in Vienna, the third of four children of Johanna and Konrad Berg. His family lived comfortably until the death of his father in 1900.[citation needed]
Berg was more interested in literature than music as a child and did not begin to compose until he was fifteen, when he started to teach himself music. With Marie Scheuchl, a maid fifteen years his senior in the Berg family household, he fathered a daughter, Albine, born December 4, 1902.[3]
Berg had little formal music education before he became a student of Arnold Schoenberg in October 1904. With Schoenberg, he studied counterpoint, music theory, and harmony.[4] By 1906 he was studying music full-time; by 1907 he began composition lessons. His student compositions included five drafts for piano sonatas. He also wrote songs, including his Seven Early Songs (Sieben Frühe Lieder), three of which were Berg's first publicly performed work in a concert that featured the music of Schoenberg's pupils in Vienna that year.[citation needed]
The early sonata sketches eventually culminated in Berg's Piano Sonata, Op. 1 (1907–1908); it is one of the most formidable 'first' works ever written.[5] Berg studied with Schoenberg for six years until 1911. Among Schoenberg's teaching was the idea that the unity of a musical composition depends upon all its aspects being derived from a single basic idea; this idea was later known as developing variation. Berg passed this on to his students, one of whom, Theodor W. Adorno, stated: 'The main principle he conveyed was that of variation: everything was supposed to develop out of something else and yet be intrinsically different'.[6] The Piano Sonata is an example—the whole composition is derived from the work's opening quartal gesture and its opening phrase.[7]
Innovation[edit]
Berg was a part of Vienna's cultural elite during the heady fin de siècle period. His circle included the musicians Alexander von Zemlinsky and Franz Schreker, the painter Gustav Klimt, the writer and satirist Karl Kraus, the architect Adolf Loos, and the poet Peter Altenberg.
In 1906 Berg met the singer Helene Nahowski, daughter of a wealthy family (said by some to be in fact the illegitimate daughter of Emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria from his liaison with Anna Nahowski).[8] Despite the outward hostility of her family, the two were married on May 3, 1911.
In 1913 two of Berg's Altenberg Lieder (1912) were premièred in Vienna, conducted by Schoenberg in the infamous Skandalkonzert. Settings of aphoristic poetic utterances, the songs are accompanied by a very large orchestra. The performance caused a riot, and had to be halted. He effectively withdrew the work, and it was not performed in full until 1952. The full score remained unpublished until 1966.[9]
From 1915–18,Berg served in the Austro-Hungarian Army and during a period of leave in 1917, he accelerated work on his first opera, Wozzeck. After the end of World War I, he settled again in Vienna, where he taught private pupils. He also helped Schoenberg run his Society for Private Musical Performances, which sought to create the ideal environment for the exploration and appreciation of unfamiliar new music by means of open rehearsals, repeat performances, and the exclusion of professional critics.[citation needed]
Berg had a particular interest in the number 23, using it to structure several works. Various suggestions have been made as to the reason for this interest: that he took it from the biorhythms theory of Wilhelm Fliess, in which a 23-day cycle is considered significant,[10] or because he first suffered an asthma attack on the 23rd of the month.[11]
Success of Wozzeck and inception of Lulu (1924–29)[edit]
In 1924 three excerpts from Wozzeck were performed, which brought Berg his first public success. The opera, which Berg completed in 1922, was first performed on December 14, 1925, when Erich Kleiber conducted the first performance in Berlin. Today, Wozzeck is seen as one of the century's most important works. Berg made a start on his second opera, the three-act Lulu, in 1928 but interrupted the work in 1929 for the concert aria Der Wein which he completed that summer. Der Wein presaged Lulu in a number of ways, including vocal style, orchestration, design and text.[12]
Other well-known Berg compositions include the Lyric Suite (1926), which was later shown to employ elaborate cyphers to document a secret love affair; the post-Mahlerian Three Pieces for Orchestra (completed in 1915 but not performed until after Wozzeck); and the Chamber Concerto (Kammerkonzert, 1923–25) for violin, piano, and 13 wind instruments: this latter is written so conscientiously that Pierre Boulez has called it 'Berg's strictest composition' and it, too, is permeated by cyphers and posthumously disclosed hidden programs.[13]
Final years (1930–35)[edit]
Life for the musical world was becoming increasingly difficult in the 1930s both in Vienna and Germany due to the rising tide of antisemitism and the Nazi cultural ideology that denounced modernity. Even to have an association with someone who was Jewish could lead to denunciation, and Berg's 'crime' was to have studied with the Jewish composer Arnold Schoenberg. Berg found that opportunities for his work to be performed in Germany were becoming rare, and eventually his music was proscribed and placed on the list of degenerate music.[14]
In 1932 Berg and his wife acquired an isolated lodge, the Waldhaus on the southern shore of the Wörthersee, near Schiefling am See in Carinthia, where he was able to work in seclusion, mainly on Lulu and the Violin Concerto.[15] At the end of 1934, Berg became involved in the political intrigues around finding a replacement for Clemens Krauss as director of the Vienna State Opera.
As more of the performances of his work in Germany were cancelled by the Nazis, who had come to power in early 1933, he needed to ensure the new director would be an advocate for modernist music. Originally, the premiere of Lulu had been planned for the Berlin State Opera, where Erich Kleiber continued to champion his music and had conducted the premiere of Wozzeck in 1925, but now this was looking increasingly uncertain, and Lulu was rejected by the Berlin authorities in the spring of 1934. Kleiber's production of the Lulu symphonic suite on 30 November 1934 in Berlin was also the occasion of his resignation in protest at the extent of conflation of culture with politics. Even in Vienna, the opportunities for the Vienna School of musicians was dwindling.[14]
Berg had interrupted the orchestration of Lulu because of an unexpected (and financially much-needed) commission from the Russian-American violinist Louis Krasner for a Violin Concerto (1935). This profoundly elegiac work, composed at unaccustomed speed and posthumously premièred, has become Berg's best-known and most-beloved composition.[citation needed] Like much of his mature work, it employs an idiosyncratic adaptation of Schoenberg's 'dodecaphonic' or twelve-tone technique, that enables the composer to produce passages openly evoking tonality, including quotations from historical tonal music, such as a Bach chorale and a Carinthian folk song. The Violin Concerto was dedicated 'to the memory of an Angel', Manon Gropius, the deceased daughter of architect Walter Gropius and Alma Mahler.[16]
Death[edit]
Berg died aged 50 in Vienna, on Christmas Eve 1935, from blood poisoning apparently caused by a furuncle on his back, induced by an insect sting that occurred in November.[17][not in citation given]
Before he died, Berg had completed the orchestration of only the first two of the three acts of Lulu. The completed acts were successfully premièred in Zürich in 1937. For personal reasons Helene Berg subsequently imposed a ban on any attempt to 'complete' the final act, which Berg had in fact completed in short score.[18] An orchestration was therefore commissioned in secret from Friedrich Cerha and premièred in Paris (under Pierre Boulez) only in 1979, soon after Helene Berg's own death. The complete opera has rapidly entered the repertoire as one of the landmarks of contemporary music and, like Wozzeck, remains a consistent audience draw.[citation needed]
Legacy[edit]
Berg is remembered as one of the most important composers of the 20th century and the most widely performed opera composer among the Second Viennese School.[19] He is said to have brought more 'human values' to the twelve-tone system, his works seen as more 'emotional' than Schoenberg's.[20] Critically, he is seen as having preserved the Viennese tradition in his music.[21][verification needed]
Berg scholar Douglas Jarman writes in the New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians that '[as] the 20th century closed, the 'backward-looking' Berg suddenly came as [George] Perle remarked, to look like its most forward-looking composer.'[19]
The asteroid 4528 Berg is named after him (1983).[22]
Major compositions[edit]
Piano
- Piano Sonata, Op. 1
Chamber
- String Quartet, Op. 3
- Four Pieces for Clarinet and Piano, Op. 5
- Lyric Suite
- Chamber Concerto (1925) for piano, violin and 13 wind instruments
Orchestral
- Three Pieces for Orchestra, Op. 6
- Violin Concerto
Vocal
- Seven Early Songs
- Vier Lieder (Four Songs), Op. 2
- Five Orchestral Songs on Postcard Texts of Peter Altenberg, Op. 4
- Der Wein
- Schliesse mir die Augen beide
Operas
- Wozzeck, Op. 7 (1925)
- Lulu (1937)
References[edit]
- ^'Berg, Alban'. Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary.
- ^John H. Baron (10 June 2010). Chamber Music: A Research and Information Guide. Routledge. pp. 301–. ISBN978-1-135-84828-6.
- ^Jarman, Douglas (1990). The Berg Companion. Boston: Northeastern University Press. p. 190. ISBN1555530680. OCLC19739582.
- ^Schoenberg, Arnold. Trans. Joe Monzo.''Schoenberg's Harmonielehre''. Archived from the original on 27 September 2003. Retrieved 1 July 2016.
- ^Lauder (1986)
- ^Adorno, p. 33
- ^'Alban Berg - Composer - MariinskyKirov.com'. www.mariinsky-theatre.com. Retrieved 2018-10-02.
- ^Georg Markus, Der Kaiser Franz Joseph I.: Bilder und Dokumente; Anna Nahowski and Friedrich Saathen, Anna Nahowski und Kaiser Franz Joseph : Aufzeichnungen/erstmalig herausgegeben und kommentiert von Friedrich Saathen, Böhlau, 1986.
- ^Taruskin, Richard (2010). Music in the Early Twentieth Century. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 196. ISBN0195384849. OCLC261177783.
- ^Jarman, D. (1983). Alban Berg, Wilhelm Fliess and the Secret Programme of the Violin Concerto. The Musical Times Vol. 124, No. 1682 (Apr. 1983), pp. 218–223
- ^Jarman, D. (1985). The Music of Alban Berg. Berkeley: University of California Press, pp. 228–30.
- ^Elliott 2014, p. 55.
- ^'Alban Berg'. musopen.org (in French). Retrieved 2018-08-23.
- ^ abNotley 2010.
- ^Hailey 2010a.
- ^Pople, Anthony (1991). Berg: Violin Concerto. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 28. ISBN0521399769. OCLC22314162.
- ^'Alban Berg'. musicacademyonline.com. Retrieved 17 September 2015.
- ^Jarman, Douglas (1991). Alban Berg: Lulu. Cambridge [England]: Cambridge University Press. p. 46. ISBN0521284805. OCLC21226688.
- ^ abJarman, Grove
- ^The Complete Book of 20th Century Music, p. 20, by David Ewen, Prentice-Hall Inc. 1963.
- ^The Grove Encyclopedia of Music and Musicians, p. 638, St. Martin's Press, Inc. 1961
- ^Schmadel, Lutz D. (2012). Dictionary of Minor Planet Names. Volume 2 (6th ed.). Springer. p. 367.
Bibliography[edit]
- Warrack, John and Ewan West. The Oxford Dictionary of Opera, 1992. ISBN0-19-869164-5.
Analytical writings[edit]
Douglas Jarman[edit]
- Jarman, Douglas. Dr. Schon's Five-Strophe Aria: Some Notes on Tonality and Pitch Association in Berg's Lulu. Perspectives of New Music 8/2 (Spring/Summer 1970).
- Jarman, Douglas. Some Rhythmic and Metric Techniques in Alban Berg's Lulu. Musical Quarterly 56/3 (July 1970).
- Jarman, Douglas. Lulu: The Sketches. International Alban Berg Society Newsletter, 6 (June 1978).
- Jarman, Douglas (1985) [1979]. The Music of Alban Berg (Revised ed.). Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN9780520049543.
- Jarman, Douglas. Countess Geschwitz's Series: A Controversy Resolved?. Proceedings of the Royal Musical Association 107 (1980/81).
- Jarman, Douglas. Some Observations on Rhythm, Meter and Tempo in Lulu. In Alban Berg Studien. Ed. Rudolf Klein. Vienna: Universal Edition, 1981.
- Jarman, Douglas. Lulu: The Musical and Dramatic Structure. Royal Opera House Covent Garden program notes, 1981.
- Jarman, Douglas. The 'Lost' Score of the 'Symphonic Pieces from Lulu'. International Alban Berg Society Newsletter 12 (Fall/Winter 1982).
- Jarman, Douglas (1989). Alban Berg, Wozzeck. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN9780521284813.
- Jarman, Douglas (1991). Alban Berg: Lulu. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN9780521284806.
Other[edit]
- Bruhn, Siglind, ed. Encrypted Messages in Alban Berg’s Music. New York: Garland Publishing, 1998.
- dos Santos, Silvio J. Narratives of Identity in Alban Berg's 'Lulu'. Rochester, NY: University of Rochester Press, 2014.
- Elliott, Antokoletz (2014). A History of Twentieth-Century Music in a Theoretic-Analytical Context. Hoboken: Taylor and Francis. ISBN9781135037307.
- Headlam, Dave. The Music of Alban Berg. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1996.
- Lauder, Robert Neil. Two Early Piano Works of Alban Berg: A Stylistic and Structural Analysis. Thesis. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina, 1986.
- Perle, George (1977). Twelve-tone tonality. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN9780520033870.
- Perle, George (1995). The right notes: twenty-three selected essays on twentieth-century music. Stuyvesant, NY: Pendragon Press. ISBN9780945193371.
- Perle, George. The Operas of Alban Berg. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1980.
- Schmalfeldt, Janet. 'Berg’s Path to Atonality: The Piano Sonata, Op. 1'. Alban Berg: Historical and Analytical Perspectives. Eds. David Gable and Robert P. Morgan, pp. 79–110. New York: Oxford University Press, 1991.
- Schweizer, Klaus. Die Sonatensatzform im Schaffen Alban Bergs. Stuttgart: Satz und Druck, 1970.
- Wilkey, Jay Weldon. Certain Aspects of Form in the Vocal Music of Alban Berg. Ph.D. thesis. Ann Arbor: Indiana University, 1965.
- Whittall, Arnold (2008). The Cambridge introduction to serialism. New York: Cambridge University Press. ISBN9780521863414.
Biographical writings[edit]
- Adorno, Theodor W.; Berg, Alban (2005) [1997]. Lonitz, Henri (ed.). Briefwechsel 1925–1935 [Correspondence 1925–1935]. Hoban, Wieland - translator, originally published by Suhrkamp Verlag, Frankfurt. Cambridge: Polity. ISBN9780745694962.
- Adorno, Theodor W.Alban Berg: Master of the Smallest Link. Trans. Juliane Brand and Christopher Hailey. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1991.
- Brand, Juliane, Christopher Hailey and Donald Harris, eds. The Berg-Schoenberg Correspondence: Selected Letters. New York: Norton, 1987.
- Carner, Mosco. Alban Berg: the man and the work. London: Duckworth, 1975.
- Floros, Contantin. Trans. by Ernest Bernhardt-Kabisch. Alban Berg and Hanna Fuchs. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2007.
- Grun, Bernard, ed. Alban Berg: Letters to his Wife. London: Faber and Faber, 1971.
- Jarman, Douglas. 'Alban Berg', Grove Music Online, ed. L. Macy (Accessed April 9, 2007) (subscription required)
- Lee, Douglas (2002). Masterworks of 20th-Century Music: The Modern Repertory of the Symphony Orchestra. NY: Routledge. ISBN9781136066900.
- Leibowitz, René. Schoenberg and his school; the contemporary stage of the language of music. Trans. Dika Newlin. New York: Philosophical Library, 1949.
- MacDonald, Malcolm (2008). Schoenberg. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN9780198038405.
- Monson, Karen. Alban Berg: a biography. London: Macdonald and Jane's, 1979.
- Redlich, Hans Ferdinand. Alban Berg, the man and his music. London: John Calder, 1957.
- Reich, Willi. The life and work of Alban Berg. Trans. Cornelius Cardew. New York : Da Capo Press, 1982.
- Simms, Bryan R. (2013) [1996]. Alban Berg (2nd ed.). Hoboken: Taylor and Francis. ISBN9781135846749.
- Walton, Chris (2014). Lies and epiphanies: composers and their inspiration from Wagner to Berg. Rochester, NY: University of Rochester Press. ISBN9781580464772.
- Hailey, Christopher (2010a). Berg's Worlds. pp. 3–32., in Hailey (2010)
- Notley, Margaret (2010). 1934, Alban Berg, and the shadow of politics: documents of a troubled year. pp. 223–268., in Hailey (2010)
- Hailey, Christopher, ed. (2010). Alban Berg and his world. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press. ISBN9781400836475.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Alban Berg. |
Wikiquote has quotations related to: Alban Berg |
- Alban Berg at the Encyclopædia Britannica
- Alban Berg biography and works on the UE website (publisher)
- Vocal texts used by Alban Berg with translations to various languages at the LiederNet Archive.
- Free scores by Alban Berg at the International Music Score Library Project (IMSLP)
- Alban Berg discography at MusicBrainz
- albanberg.resampled.de The most comprehensive acoustic representation of Alban Bergs Works in digital realisations.
- Excerpts from sound archives of Berg's works.
Since this work was first published after 1923 with the prescribed copyright notice, it is unlikely that this work is public domain in the USA. However, it is in the public domain in Canada (where IMSLP is hosted), the EU, and in those countries where the copyright term is life+70 years or less. |
Movements/SectionsMov'ts/Sec's | 5 movements |
---|---|
Composition Year | 1934 |
Genre Categories | Pieces; For voice, orchestra; For voices with orchestra; Scores featuring the voice; Scores featuring the soprano voice; Scores featuring the orchestra; German language |
Related Works | Lulu |
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Complete Score (EU)
*#523200 - 7.57MB, 141 pp. - 0.0/10246810 (-) - V/31/V- 965Ã--⇩ - Music Addict
⇒ 5 more: I. Rondo - Hymne • II. Ostinato • III. Lied der Lulu • IV. Variationen • V. Adagio
I. Rondo - Hymne (EU)
*#117875 - 2.92MB, 55 pp. - 0.0/10246810 (-) - V/31/V- 8968Ã--⇩ - Madcapellan
II. Ostinato (EU)
*#117876 - 1.58MB, 29 pp. - 0.0/10246810 (-) - V/31/V- 4902Ã--⇩ - Madcapellan
III. Lied der Lulu (EU)
*#117877 - 0.61MB, 13 pp. - 0.0/10246810 (-) - V/31/V- 4833Ã--⇩ - Madcapellan
IV. Variationen (EU)
*#117878 - 1.09MB, 18 pp. - 0.0/10246810 (-) - V/31/V- 3892Ã--⇩ - Madcapellan
V. Adagio (EU)
*#117879 - 1.39MB, 26 pp. - 0.0/10246810 (-) - V/31/V- 4461Ã--⇩ - Madcapellan
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General Information
Work Title | Lulu Suite |
---|---|
Alternative. Title | Symphonische Stücke aus der Oper 'Lulu'; 5 Symphonic Pieces from the Opera for Soprano & Orchestra; Lulu-Symphonie |
Composer | Berg, Alban |
I-Catalogue NumberI-Cat. No. | IAB 4 |
Movements/SectionsMov'ts/Sec's | 5 movements:
|
Text Incipit | :Wenn sich die Menschen um meinetwillen umgebracht haben, so setzt das meinen Wert nicht herab (third movement) |
Year/Date of CompositionY/D of Comp. | 1934 |
First Publication. | 1935 |
Librettist | Alban Berg (after Frank Wedekind) |
Language | German |
Average DurationAvg. Duration | 33 minutes |
Composer Time PeriodComp. Period | Early 20th century |
Piece Style | Early 20th century |
Instrumentation | voice and orchestra
|
Related Works | Lulu |
External Links | Universal Edition (with complete perusal score) |
Misc. Comments
Aside from a brief vocalise scream in the finale, there is a soprano part in the third movement. The first, second and fourth movements are for orchestra alone.
The Lied der Lulu is subtitled 'Anton v. Webern zum 50. Geburtstag' and presumably was written in 1933.
Retagging because the 1935 score does not call it 'suite', and any later score is posthumous. It is 'symphonic pieces from the opera Lulu'. (While one could argue this is almost the definition of a 'suite' from a larger work, we have agreed to be rather strict about tags with few exceptions: it is not named suite by the composer (unless in a manuscript not currently available to us?) so it is not tagged so.)